Definitions and Examples of Merisms in Rhetoric

Merism (from the Greek, divided) is a  rhetorical term for a pair of contrasting words or phrases (such as near and far, body and soul, life and death) used to express totality or completeness. Merism may be regarded as a type of synecdoche  in which the parts of a subject are used to describe the whole. Adjective: meristic. Also known as a universalizing doublet and merismus. A series of merisms can be found in marriage vows: for better for worse, for richer for poorer, in sickness and in health. English biologist William Bateson adopted the term merism to characterize the phenomenon of Repetition of Parts, generally occurring in such a way as to form a Symmetry or Pattern, [which] comes near to being a universal character of the bodies of living things (Materials for the Study of Variation, 1894). British linguist John Lyons used the term complementary to describe a similar verbal device: a dichotomized pair that conveys the concept of a whole. Examples and Observations There is a working class—strong and happy—among both rich and poor; there is an idle class—weak, wicked, and miserable—among both rich and poor. (John Ruskin, The Crown of Wild Olive, 1866)Young lions and pumas are marked with feeble stripes or rows of spots, and as many allied species both young and old are similarly marked, no believer in evolution will doubt that the progenitor of the lion and puma was a striped animal. (Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, 1871)Most people, including most academics, are confusing mixtures. They are moral and immoral, kind and cruel, smart and stupid—yes, academics are often smart and stupid, and this may not be sufficiently recognized by the laity. (Richard A. Posner, Public Intellectuals: A Study of Decline. Harvard University Press, 2001)[Sir Rowland Hill] introduced the Penny Postage . . .. This introduced the concept where the sender of a letter was responsible for paying for it, and this would be a national service from John O’Groats to Lands End. (Peter Douglas Osborn, The Birmingham Murder Most Foul That Left Its Stamp on History. Birmingham Post, September 28, 2014) Words for Words Sake Merism, ladies and gentlemen, often looks like antithesis, but its different. Merism is when you dont say what youre talking about, and instead name all of its parts. Ladies and gentlemen, for example, is a merism for people, because all people are either ladies or gentlemen. The beauty of merism is that its absolutely unnecessary. Its words for words sake: a gushing torrent of invention filled with noun and noun signifying nothing. (Mark Forsyth, The Elements of Eloquence: How to Turn the Perfect English Phrase. Icon Books, 2013) Merism in the Bible It may very well be that the Bible, as organized, functions as a merism, beginning in Genesis with Eden lost and ending in Revelation with the New Jerusalem gained, these two referring to the entirety of human history and representing the Alpha and Omega (Rev. 21.6) of Gods sovereignty. Revelation 11.17 extends merism to the triadic one who is, was, and is coming. Finally, while it may be to stretch a point, it might be said that the Old Testament and the New Testament form a merism that represent all of Gods word and the Bible as totality. (Jeanie C. Crain, Reading the Bible as Literature: An Introduction. Polity Press, 2010) Here and There, Now and Then Personal now refers to the moment of utterance (or to some period of time which contains the moment of utterance). The complementary demonstrative adverbs there and then are negatively defined in relation to here and now: there means not-here and then means not-now. (John Lyons, Linguistic Semantics: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, 1995)

Nationalism and Democracy Essay - 1166 Words

Nationalism has played a crucial role in world history over the past centuries. It continues to do so today. For many, nationalism is indelibly associated with some of the worst aspects of modern history, such as the destructive confidence of the Napoleon’s army and the murderous pride of Nazi Germany. Large numbers of people, descent in their hearts, have carried out unbelievable atrocities for no better reason than their nation required them to. Authoritarian and totalitarian regime have crushed dissent, eliminated opposition, and trampled on civil liberties in the name of the nation. These horrors caused by nationalism seem to be at the opposite end of the spectrum from the promising ideal of democracy. As Ghia Nodia pointed out, many†¦show more content†¦As the main source of national identity, nationalism â€Å"makes [people] feel connected not only to one another but also to the homeland itself† (Jusdanis 28). In the case of the American founding, when the delegates from respective states met to construct a more perfect union, they did not identify themselves as Virginians or New Yorkers. Instead, they defined themselves as â€Å"we the people of the United States† as it appears in the Preamble to the US constitution. The shared interest in liberty and freedom as well as the attachment to the land of their fathers made it possible for the vast population of the thirteen states to think of itself as a unified body despite their internal ethnic and cultural divide. By identifying themselves as a member of certain group, people will form a society with certain shared value, which ultimately can become the political units for a democratic government. Nationalism is essential for creating a cohesive political community. In addition to defining the political units for democratic governance, nationalism can also bind citizens to a common destiny, and in doing so provide the motivation for citizens to take part in the democratic life. Much of democracy is based on the voluntary participation of citizens with a personally identification with the democratic ideals: rights, responsibility, and procedure. However, such commitment is often insufficient to inspire anShow MoreRelatedNationalism And Democracy Are Intertwined Within The State1491 Words   |  6 PagesNationalism and democracy often are co-existent with each other at any time within the state. These interactions that they have with each other culminate in both benefits and problems for society, or sometimes produce a neutral reaction. This essay will explore these interactions that could either be beneficial, detrimental, or neutral in the ways that nationalism and democracy are intertwined within the state. The important notion that nationalism brings to democracy is the concept of conflictRead MoreThe Role Of Nationalism As A Cause Of The Failure Of Democracy2966 Words   |  12 PagesAssess the importance of Nationalism as a cause of the failure of democracy in Germany in the period 1918-1934. Nationalism was an important and fundamental factor in the downfall of the Weimar Republic and in turn, the ensuring failure of democracy in Germany in the period of 1918-1934. Nationalism is a political and social philosophy that aims to emphasise the nation’s virtues above others. It is a principle of a nation’s demand to be more powerful and successful than any other. A sense ofRead MoreAssess the importance of nationalism as cause of the failure of democracy in Germany in the period 1918-1934.1828 Words   |  8 PagesNationalism was an important and integral factor in the downfall of the Weimar Republic and in turn, the ensuing failure of democracy in Germany in the period 1918-1934. The sense of loyalty and devotion to ones nation, which the German citizens had felt in their militaristic past, was ultimately devastated by WWI and its consequences. Although nationalism was a major cause of the failure of democracy in Germany, there were many other factors adding t o the stress upon the countrys government at thisRead More An Argument Against a Presupposition1640 Words   |  7 PagesIn The American Democracy and Its National Principle, Herbert Croly makes an eloquent and poignant case for adopting a nationalistic frame of mind. According to Croly, we are rapidly approaching a junction where we must choose between the traditional values, measures and mind set of our past or embrace the opportunities of the future. As a people we should realize that the future holds great promise, and that is why we should focus on empowering a centralized system of governance that replacesRead MoreNotes on Nationalism- A2 Government and Politics1119 Words   |  5 PagesNationalism The nature of the nation and the differences between nations and states. - A nation can be defined as a group of people who consider themselves to have common circumstances at birth. These common circumstances are strong enough for them to adopt collective goals based on their national identity. Nationalism is therefore an emotional phenomenon felt by the people. - There are a number of typical circumstances of birth that may give rise to nationhood including having a single commonRead MoreSpread Of Nationalism Throughout Europe1505 Words   |  7 PagesSpread of Nationalism Throughout Europe Nationalism is the ideology that asserts that a nation is formed by a group of people with a common identity, language, history, territory, and set of customs. It was an important factor in the development of Europe. The IB Global Context, Identities and Relationships relates to nationalism because it defines us just like nationalism does. It focuses on identities, beliefs, values, and relationships. Napoleon came to power on 24 August 1799 and crowned himselfRead MoreNationalism And Its Impact On Society1266 Words   |  6 PagesIn global politics, Nationalism tends to be one of the very most important ways that we as people identify ourselves politically and one of the most crucial forces that shapes international politics. Nationalism is most often used to describe two main aspects in global politics: The first being the demeanor that the people or members of the nation have in the way of caring for their national identity, and secondly the contributions or actions that the peo ple of a nation take when searching to reachRead MoreDirect Democracy Within A Representative System1485 Words   |  6 PagesOn a very basic level, direct democracy can be seen as mob rule or rule by decree. The system allows the mob to overrule the decisions made by the government, refusing any consistent social contracts between the citizens. In this pure form, direct democracy cannot even be considered a system of governance at all. It is not the most fair or just system. (Schneider). In order for any individual to indulge in a causal contract with other members of the society, it is necessary that they feel that theyRead MoreWhat ´s an Ideology?1412 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowing ideologies: †¢ African nationalism This ideology is based on supporting one’s own nation; it is therefore a political movement to unite the people of South Africa. African nationalism in South Africa can be seen to improve the social, economic and intellectual standing of Africans. African nationalism, in South Africa, also embraces the concept of Pan Africanism. It is a modern concept which tries to build a nation within a specific country or area. Nationalism united all the indigenous groupsRead MoreGlobalization: An Ideology of Western Elitists? Essay examples1229 Words   |  5 Pagesplanet and sell anything anywhere on the planet† (Keeling, 2002). While the benefits of human social and economic interactions are hard to ignore, globalization and its agencies also contribute to: the depolarization of society, the undermining of democracy, and the denationalization of the globe. This paper will assess the various political and economic factors of globalization from a socialist perspective. Globalization creates and amplifies depolarization on a regional, national and global level

Demand For Cruise

Question: Discuss about the Demand For Cruise. Answer: Introduction: Literature Review Cruise tourism has contributed a major part towards the development of world's economy. It is also an important factor in many of the tourist's life. As per the researcher's various surveys throughout the different market segments of various countries, the travel and the tourism has contributed to nearly 9% of the GDP which accounted for more than 255 million of the jobs throughout 2011 (Brida, et al. 2012). It is very important for the cruise ships to evaluate the behavior, motivation and the experiences of the cruise passengers as this will help in improving the services offered to the clients. A satisfied tourist is expected to be more likely to choose to visit the same destination on other occasions and to become a promoter via positive word-of-mouth than a displeased tourist. Nowadays, the choice of place for a timely visit is influenced by activities offered at the destination. It is imperative to understand the desired behavior of the customers or the cruise passengers regardi ng their choices as this helps in evaluating the desired growth of the entire firm to a larger extent (Chapman and Savvides, 2010). As per the past researchers, the behavior of the customers for the cruise industry gets influenced by the attractiveness' and the services offered by the concerned cruise to them. It has been seen that there is a different tourist who uses to take photographs for their personal experience merely for a number of reasons. Therefore, photography has considered to one of the key elements for enhancing the experience of the cruise tourist. Moreover, the services and the products offered on the cruise to all the passengers concerned enhance the reliability and satisfaction of the customers and finally these are supposed to improve the overall experience of the cruise passengers. There are some of the crucial points such as self-perception, trip acquaintance and different opinions of the people which generate enormous impact on the tourists. Apart from young, old, rich or middle-class everyone wants a classified tour. Even tours with cruise are also memories made for a lifetime, and even for time behavior that was previously viewed as Australia are now being demanded. The era has seen a growth of its new cruise company in a tremendous way (Fisk and Savvides, 2011). Nowadays the perceptions of the passengers of the cruise are changing according to the time. Cruise Port Cities The researchers have evaluated the fact that cruise port cities have influenced the behavior of the cruise passengers (Fisk and Savvides, 2012). The simple type of the cruise ports includes cruise industry consisting of the responses of the different tourists, pleasant appearance, civilization, and safety. Cruise can be divided into two sections: Origination Port as well as Destination Port. A homeport takes out its individual preservation and supplies for meeting the requirements of visitors and for enjoying the cruise experience and develops the tourism. There are various factors in cruise which influence the behavior of the tourists like, one can host a party, one can enjoy its glamorous ride even the scope of enjoying beautiful sights is also welcomed. These are also some factors that will sure attract more tourists towards it and even presence of such facilities will make the visit for the tourist, more pleasurable along with lifetime experience (Handwerker, 2012). Even such tou rs are made in packages so that people who demand to have such trips can offer for the packages at once. Many cruise companies offer for housing on the respective cruise, meals, onboard actions, amusement, even docks tax as well as tips incorporated in the cost of the built-in packages (Pena, 2013). Cruise Product Choice Different companies provide various different packages as per the need of the tourists. The packages are made available in different prices that suit the customers (Peng, 2009). Providing with such packages, the customers are happy, as they experience a good and enthusiastic freedom where they can feel free to enjoy as they want and even within their estimated rate. By providing such opportunities for the tourist by the cruise members, the cruise company indirectly forces its customers to visit the place again and again. For few of the tourists who have not visited a cruise tour, the company also came up with various advertisements and the services offered there was truly enhancing and even the customers were satisfied, after availing such services. Therefore, there is always a satisfaction in the minds of the tourists after visiting such wonderful and lucrative cruise packages where one feels free and can be like one wants to be with the proper treatment from the cruise crew members stated as per the package tour. The tourist feels safe and enjoys to the full which leads to complete satisfaction in them. The reason of the present study was to inspect the dealings and relationship between satisfaction, apparent value, and quality in their calculation of intentions to repurchase and optimistic word of mouth advertising (Yamin, 2011). Therefore, considering the knowledge along with the behavior of tourist as they presume diverse behavior is introductory to recognize the impacts happening at various cruise tour or such destinations. The reason of this study is to come across the differences in tourism representation among cruise passengers across the Australian countries. References Brida, J, Scuderi, R, and Seijas, M, (2012), Segmenting Cruise Passengers Visiting Uruguay: a Factor-Cluster Analysis, International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(3), pp.209-222. Chapman, B, and Savvides, N, (2010), Significant ships of 2009, London: Royal Institution of Naval Architects. Dowling, R, (2016),Cruise ship tourism, Wallingford: CABI. Fisk, S, and Savvides, N, (2011), Significant ships of 2010, London: Royal Institution of Naval Architects. Fisk, S, and Savvides, N, (2012),Significant ships of 2011, London: Royal Institution of Naval Architects. Handwerker, S, (2012), Transforming Nursing Education: A Review of Current Curricular Practices in Relation to Benner's Latest Work, International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 9(1). Pena, M, (2013), The living. New York: Delacorte Press. Peng, Q, (2009), International Conference on Transportation Engineering, 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers. Yamin, T, (2011), Gifted Education: Attitudes, Latest Developments, and Practices.Gifted and Talented International, 26(1-2), pp.7-10.

Reasons for Product Standardization or Adaptation free essay sample

Reasons for product standardization or adaptationThere are countless reasons for which firms standardize or adapt their product, but the bottom line is that, there is no firm that is at the extreme end of thespectrum of standardization and adaptation. This assertion is supported andevaluated by Gabrielsson (2004:41): â€Å"The standardization alternatives are aspectrum ranging from full standardization to an adaptive approach at differentlevels of marketing mix elements. This part tries to pinpoint popular reasons forstandardization or adaptation. The paradigm of standardization and adaptation is seen differently from thefirms’ and consumers’ perspective in that, from a firm’s standpoint, it is oftencost effective and efficient to standardize products. Whereas from theconsumer’s standpoint a product should not be almost what he (the consumer)wants, but rather exactly hat he or she wants which actually brings to somedegree the idea of customization or individualization of products (Albaum et al2005:401). According to Albaum et al (2005:401):â€Å"Adaptation should bemandatory or voluntary’’. We will write a custom essay sample on Reasons for Product Standardization or Adaptation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He further argued that, ‘mandatory adaptationwould be required because of such things as language differences, differingelectrical systems, differing measurement systems, product specifications andgovernment requirements. Voluntary adaptation on the other hand is decided by the firm as to what tomodify and what variation should be made available for the target market†. Indeciding the form in which the product is to be marketed abroad Czinkota et al(2004:252) explained that there are three sets of factors to be considered namely(1) the market(s) that have been targeted, (2) the product and its characteristicsand (3) company characteristics, such as resources and policy†. In most casesthere is the need to consider the advantages as well as the disadvantages of both the issue of standardization or adaptation with special emphasis on thecost involved especially in adapting a product beyond its required mandatorystandards (see also Czinkota et al 2004; Albaum et al 2005; Usunier and Lee2005). The table below gives overall points in factors encouragingstandardization as well as adaptation.